This publication is designed to provide a solid working knowledge of one of the major wastewater analytical test categories. You should be able to view any of the pdf documents and forms available on our site. Biochemical oxygen demand, or bod, is a chemical procedure for determining the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms in a body of water to break down organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over. Understanding dilution and seeding procedures in bod test. Application of various bod test methods in landfill leachates article pdf available in journal of environmental science and health part a 364. Mlss testing measures the total concentration of mixed liquor suspended nonsoluble solids in the aeration basin of an activated sludge system.
Even though the end result of bod testing is a final bod reading, the calculations are all based on do readings. There are two stages of decomposition in the bod test. Bod test requirements by tim loftus legend has it that the 5day bod biological oxygen demand test was developed in england. The water saturated air procedure involves storing the electrode in a sealed bod bottle containing a minimal amount of water. Tygon and black rubber can add oxygen demand when 150 ml sample used, need additional nutrients. Test procedures manual american radio relay league. Add 2ml of manganese sulfate to the bod bottle carefully by inserting the pipette just below the surface of water. Sewage was dumped in a river and it took five days for it to reach the ocean, hence the fiveday incubation requirement in the bod method. Aug 15, 2014 ultimate bod test an extension of 5day bod test. Fiveday bod bod5 the bod test is a standardized test that 5 provides information regarding the organic. Biochemical oxygen demand bod testing technical note t60502. Georgia epd longterm bod test specifications revised. Biochemical oxygen demand environmental protection agency.
The bod determination is an empirical test in which standardised laboratory procedures are used to determine the relative oxygen requirements of wastewaters. Place approximately 500ml of sample in a clean blender bowl and homogenize at high speed for two minutes. Test procedure the bod test takes 5 days to complete and is performed using a dissolved oxygen test kit. The test usually runs for a fiveday period, but can run 7 or 10 days as well, depending on specific sample circumstances. For the airsaturated water calibration procedure, you either vigorously shake the solution or bubble air through it. The biochemical oxygen demand bod determination is an empirical test in which standardized laboratory procedures are used to determine the relative oxygen requirements of wastewaters, ef. The instrument then calculates the concentration from the % saturation value pressure value, the sample temperature, and a measured or entered salinity correction value.
The conventional biochemical oxygen demand bod test requires a series of sample dilutions and can be very timeconsuming to perform. Biological oxygen demand bod overview raw sewage may give readings in the hundreds and. The bod level is determined by comparing the do level of a water sample taken immediately with the do level of a water sample that has been incubated in a dark location for 5 days. The determination of chemical oxygen demand in waters. Overview of the two procedures for the 5day bod bod 5 test about the official procedure the procedure specified by the united states geological survey for the bod 5 test is done in the laboratory and is quite complex to perform and difficult to control for reliable results. For the reagent blank, pipette out 10 m1 of water to a separate conical flask. General discussion the biochemical oxygen demand bod determination is an empirical test in which standardized laboratory procedures are used to determine the relative oxygen requirements of wastewaters, ef. The difference between the two do levels represents the amount of oxygen required for. Scope and application this method determines the bod of a water sample. Correct sampling procedures deliver accurate lab results, a critical component when. Limitations test period is too long not good for process control test is imprecise and unpredictable the test is simply not very easya lot of qc makes it timeconsuming can take years of experience to master it cannot evaluate accuracy no universally accepted standard other than gga accuracy at 200 ppm vs.
A consumers guide to bod 5 5day biochemical oxygen. Carefully fill a bod bottle with sample water without making air bubbles. Our samplers, standards, lab supplies, and nomembrane instruments, combined with our expertise, give you superior results. Tubing must be latex rubber, polypropylene or polyethylene to avoid introducing bod into the dilution water. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21st ed. Oxygen demand, biochemicaldilution method 8043 hach. Biochemical oxygen demand bod testing and measurement in. Summary of contract required detection limits, holding. Weigh the full bod bottle and cap to the nearest 0. Use this test to calculate the change in sample mass on heating, but its main function is to produce an aged material for analysis by other suitable means. Geological surveystandard protocols and procedures. Hopefully, the information presented in these articles will help you in your laboratory to achieve greater bod accuracy. If this is not possible, store samples at 4ec or lower and report the storage temperature and time length of storage with the analytical results for each sample. Biochemical oxygen demand as the microbial activity depends on temperature, bod test is highly depends on temperature.
If you do not have the latest adobe acrobat file reader on your computer, you may download it for free by clicking on the icon below. There are too many terms and it is getting confusing to me. Overview of the two procedures for the 5day bod bod5 test. It measures oxygen taken up by the bacteria during the oxidation of organic matter. To understand the need for seeding in the bod test c. In addition to our indian standard, we also discuss in brief regarding the procedure stated in 1 apha standard methods for the. Biochemical oxygen demand bod is also sometimes referred to as biological oxygen demand, but the latter term is considered inappropriate by many scientists and. The change in do concentration is measured over a given period of time in water samples at a specified temperature. Biochemical oxygen demand encyclopedia of life support. There are two completely different testsa c bod test and a bod5 test.
National field manual for the collection of waterquality. Biochemical oxygen demand bod biochemical oxygen demand, or bod, is a chemical procedure for determining the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms in a body of water to break down organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period. So that you can avoid the formation of air bubbles. Interaction of wastewater analytical categories and laboratory tests. This method is limited to the determination of tss in water samples collected from natural bodies of water containing tss of file congratulations, your computer is equipped with a pdf portable document format reader. The equipment typically used to measure turbidity can be quite expensive, and often provides results which are more precise and accurate. To measure cod of wastewater using open reflux method. Test procedure the bod test takes 5 days to complete and is. Application of various bod test methods in landfill leachates. Performance standards and test procedures for continuous. To determine the biochemical oxygen demand bod of various samples of water b. Pdf determination of biochemical oxygen demand bod without.
How to determine biochemical oxygen demand in water and wastewater. Pdf test file congratulations, your computer is equipped with a pdf portable document format reader. The bod test takes 5 days to complete and is performed using a dissolved oxygen test. The bod test is an empirical bioassaytype test which measures the dissolved oxygen consumed by microbial life while assimilating and oxidizing organic matter in a sample. Biochemical oxygen demand bod follow the procedure outlined in standard method 5210 b for the analysis of samples for bod. N bod means nitrogenous biochemical oxygen demand bod5 typically includes c bod and n bod unless one or the other is inhibited. The determination of wastewater quality set forth in environmental permits has. Biochemical oxygen demand 6070% 9599% variation in do profile during bod test with duration of incubation at 20. Document test results a bod leads must always document the test results on the bod ballot scan test form, and sign and date it. Mihelcic encyclopedia of life support systems eolss summary biochemical oxygen demand bod is a measure of the dissolved oxygen consumed by microorganisms during the oxidation of reduced substances in waters and wastes.
The determination of chemical oxygen demand in waters and effluents 2007 methods for the examination of waters and associated materials this booklet contains guidance on methods for the determination of chemical oxygen demand using potassium dichromate solution, and notes for the disposal and recovery of selected reagents. There are, however, some concepts you should be familiar with to obtain the best quality results. Pdf methods for assessing biochemical oxygen demand bod. Therefore, do readings must be as accurate as possible to ultimately get accurate bod results. And then there will be times that the bugs in the bod bottle will do as they want anyway. Geological survey usgs develops the sampling procedures and collects the data necessary for the accurate assessment and wise management of our nations surfacewater and groundwater resources. Biochemical oxygen demand values are a measure of food for naturally occurring. To check the procedure by determining the bod value of a standard glucoseglutamic acid sample 2. Turbidity test procedure for accurate test results please read the procedure before beginning the test. The test has its widest application in measuring waste loadings to treatment plants and in evaluating the bodremoval ef. The test for biochemical oxygen demand bod is a bioassay procedure that measures the oxygen consumed by bacteria from the decomposition of organic matter sawyer and mccarty, 1978. Instructions in section 4 canvassrecanvass procedure for stepbystep instructions. Understanding dilution and seeding procedures in bod test target group. Cap with stopper and pour off excess from the water seal.
The determination of chemical oxygen demand in waters and. Biochemical oxygen demand bod is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed i. Referees must complete and pass both the usa swimming test for referees and the oks meet administrationrules test with a minimum score of 85%, corrected to 100%. After the training the participants will be able to. This standard operating procedure provides laboratory personnel with guidance on the procedure for determining tss. Dissolved oxygen is measured initially and after incubation, and the bod is computed from the difference between initial and final do. What is the difference in bod, bod5, cbod and nbod, i am so. Begin sample analysis within six 6 hours of collection. Bod analysis as per apha manual linkedin slideshare. Introduction turbidity is an important water quality parameter in drinking water provision and treatment. Correct sampling procedures deliver accurate lab results, a critical.
If fullstrength, can use 1 dose1bottle if the sample size is 150 ml, an additional 0. The procedure described here follows standard methods 2005. Biochemical oxygen demand bod testing and measurement in water. Accurate bod measurements with electrochemical and optical. It takes lots of knowledge, time, and experience to get the test to work properly. This method is limited to the determination of tss in water samples collected from natural bodies of water containing tss of test method. Jul 19, 2016 biochemical oxygen demand as the microbial activity depends on temperature, bod test is highly depends on temperature. Increase or decrease the sample temperature to within 2 c of its incubation temperature typically 20 c. Ensure accurate and successful bod measurements with electrochemical or optical sensors. Adobe acrobat reader is necessary to open the document. Based on carbonate turbidimetry, a new simple method for determination of bod in aqueous samples was developed to eliminate these. Obviously, the bod test is not the most scientifically based test we perform. During the last two decades, a new form of electrode was developed based on the. Accurate bod measurements with electrochemical and optical probes.
Yukon department of education box 2703 whitehorse,yukon canada y1a 2c6. Test procedure the bod test takes 5 days to complete and. Look to hach for every step of the way in your bod testing. The biochemical oxygen demand bod test tries to closely model an aerobic wastewater treatment system and the natural aquatic ecosystem. Principle placing a single sample dilution in full, airtight bottles and incubating under specified conditions for an extended period depending on wastewater effluent, river, or estuary quality.
Dilute the contents of each conical flask to about 50 m by adding water. Included in this test procedure is a method of calibrating the air flow meters for the oven. There can be confusion about bod and its relationship with dissolved oxygen do readings. Put the bodtrak ii instrument in an incubator that is adjusted to 20 1 c. Bod test bottles at the laboratory of a wastewater treatment plant. The top row of this table shows the most recent changes to this controlled document. Odell inorganic chemistry branch chemistry research division. A consumers guide to bod 5 5day biochemical oxygen demand. Biochemical oxygen demand bod the bod determination is an empirical test in which standardized laboratory procedures are used to determine the relative oxygen consumption of wastewaters, effluents, and polluted waters. Document test results a bod leads must always document the test results on the bod ballot scan.
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