At a minimum, this means reducing its viscosity so that it can be pumped through pipelines bitumen is x more viscous than light crude oil. Introduction the international energy agency reported in 2009 that the demand for crude oil has increased over the last 40 years by 150% and, by 20% in the past two decades, to reach a. An overview of heavy oil properties and its recovery and transportation methods 573 brazilian journal of chemical engineering vol. Has the time for partial upgrading of heavy oil and bitumen. Current situation of emerging technologies for upgrading heavy oils author.
Canadian heavy crude oil is priced off the western canadian select wcs benchmark. Moving on to the upgrading and refining of the product, the book also includes information on in situ upgrading, refining options, and. Fluor s oilsands experience began in the late 1970s and continues today, as heavy oil deposits fill an evergreater portion of the worlds energy needs. Full upgrading produces sco that resembles highquality light oil and contains very little or no vacuum residue. Heavy oil and residuum processing swri operates lab, pilot, and demonstrationscale units for heavy oil and residuum processing. Overall, upgrading of biooil through emulsification with diesel oil is relatively simple. An extraheavy crude oil underground upgrading concept and laboratory experiments are presented which involve the addition of a. An evolution of technologies in advanced combustion engines and in transportation fuels is anticipated, motivated by.
Heavy oil recovery and upgrading covers properties, factors, methods and all current and upcoming processes, giving engineers, new and experienced, the full spectrum of recovery choices, including sagd, horizontal well technology, and hybrid approaches. Heavy crude oil is known to have low hydrogentocarbon ratios. Downhole upgrading of orinoco basin extraheavy crude. Current situation of emerging technologies for upgrading. Purchase heavy oil recovery and upgrading 1st edition. The society is grateful to those companies that allow their. Heavy oil recovery and upgrading 1st edition elsevier. Section 2 marine fuel oil origins and the influence of refinery processes 2 8 abs notes on heavy fuel oil 1984 table 1 crude source related properties and characteristics i sulfur ii vanadium, nickel, etc.
Being heavier than air, vapors may travel long distances to an ignition source and flash back. In addition, although no commercialscale development of u. An overview of heavy oil properties and its recovery and. Zu, research institute of petroleum processing, sinopec abstract. Evaluation of emerging technologies for heavy oil upgrading from may 1998 to january 1999, genoil researched and evaluated emerging technologies to determine their capabilities for the upgrading of heavy oil. Your observations last february looked at the upgrading question from a largely microeconomic perspective, i. Has the time for partial upgrading of heavy oil and. Biological upgrading of heavy crude oil springerlink.
It is the price you most often hear quoted to represent heavy oil or dilbit. By making best use of the low value byproducts and maximum utilization of the existed processing units to minimize the investment cost, several heavy oil. There is then no doubt that for processing heavy petroleum to produce a considerable proportion of liquid fuels into the foreseeable future, refining strategies will focus on upgrading the heavy oils and residua and will emphasize the differences between the. Overall, upgrading of bio oil through emulsification with diesel oil is relatively simple. Keywords heavy crude oil, upgrading, tungstenzirconium, catalyst 1. The society is grateful to those companies that allow their professionals to serve as lecturers.
Field upgrading of heavy oil and bitumen kellogg brown. Oil and gas companies are actively looking toward heavier crude oil sources to help meet demands and to take advantage of large heavy oil reserves located in north and south america. The 2in1 control valve is a new development to minimize erosion and fluctuation in pressure and levels. Introduction the international energy agency reported in 2009 that the demand for crude oil has increased over the last 40. Heavy oil includes very viscous oil resources like those found in some fields in california and venezuela, oil shale, and tar sands called oil sands in canada. Heavy oil is one of the petroleum oil varieties that contain long. Application of carbon nanocatalysts in upgrading heavy crude. The application of thermal energy to increase heavy oil recovery has become more popular as conventional reserves decline. The calgarybased company north west upgrading, which is privatelyowned, is making an investment in the oil recovery infrastructure in canada by building an independent, heavy oil upgrader in sturgeon county in alberta. Application of carbon nanocatalysts in upgrading heavy. As the demand for heavy oil and crude from tar sands remains strong, heavy hydrocarbon development projects are being initiated in several parts of the world. Innovative technology improves upgrading process for. The initial approach was to search for the best parts of other existing technologies and, following inhouse improvements, to develop a. The result shows that oxidization upgrading could reduce viscosity of super heavy oil significantly by 99.
Upgrading oil sands and heavy oil natural resources canada. Our production mix is approximately 79% liquids 36% heavy oil, 31% light oil and condensate, 12and % natural gas liquids and 21% natural gas, based on a 6. The emulsions showed promising ignition characteristics, but fuel properties such as heating value, cetane and. Upgrading oilsands bitumen and heavy oil lays out the current best practice for engineers and scientists in the oilsands and refining.
Consequently, all these changes confirmed that the upgrading of the heavy crude oil was successful. Fluctuation in crude oil prices and effect of crude oil quality. The company provides upgrading solutions and expertise in oil sands mining, bitumen extraction, upgrading bitumen into synthetic crude oil and supporting infrastructure and offsites. Astm d396 19a standard specification for fuel oils. In this regard, catalytic pyrolysis and thermal cracking are promising technologies for light oil production. Heavy crudes bitumen are extremely viscous and contain high concentrations of asphaltene, resins, nitrogen and sulfur containing heteroaromatics and several metals, particularly nickel and vanadium. In canada, approximately 20% of oil production is from heavy oil and oil sand resources 1.
Upgrading and refining process development in the figure below, you can see a schematic diagram example of the upgrading process pathway for cleaned bitumen in order to transform it into valueadded synthetic crude oil sco. Moving on to the upgrading and refining of the product, the book also includes information. Upgrading of heavy crude oil supercritical water cracking technology hisato aoyama manager, technology development center jgc corporation jogmec techno forum 2014, november 26th27th 2014. This invention relates to recovering a pumpable crude oil from a reservoir of heavy oil or bitumen by the steamassisted gravity drainage sagd process, and more particularly to solvent deasphalting to remove an asphaltene fraction from the heavy oil or bitumen to yield the pumpable synthetic crude, and to combusting the asphaltene fraction to supply heat for. The number of orifices 200 required to achieve the desired production is increased by increasing the head 196 diameter andor by decreasing the.
North west upgrading heavy oil upgrader hydrocarbons. Theme description the change in the average crude oil quality due to the scarcity of light oil reserves and to the increase of the use of shale oil, oil sand and bitumen is causing significant. While heat, dilution and partial upgrading are methods aimed at reducing oil viscosity by modifying its microstructure, lubricated flow standard oilinwater emulsion and annular core flow reduces the effects of frictional pressure caused by the viscous effects produced during draining and is indicated as an emerging technology to replace the. D0174275523 as the industry uses more unconventional petroleum reserves, refiners must develop new, economical ways to process heavy feedstock and residuum. Emerging technology remarks hcat process headwaters heavy oil reported as a breakthrough process to convert low quality feedstock high asphalt and metals. A partial upgrading pilot plant has been developed with a capacity of 360 barrels per day for upgrading bitumen, heavy oil and utah black wax. The reactor tube is placed inside a furnace so that the catalyst bed can be heated to reservoir. Biodiesel blend engine oil formulation performance. Washington, dc an innovative oilupgrading technology that can increase the economics of unconventional petroleum resources has been developed under a u. The cracked products represent the product slates obtained from the commercial eureka process, namely, the offgases oil 150370 c, cracked heavy oil. Brief but readable, heavy and extra heavy oil upgrading technologies provide readers with a strategy for future production the upstream and upgrading the downstream. The book provides the reader with an understandable overview of the chemistry and engineering behind the latest developments and technologies in the industry as well as the. The oil sands of alberta alone contain over two trillion barrels of oil.
The lowest cost method of upgrading heavy oils is dilution with higher quality oil to produce a product, which can be upgraded further in another facility, as illustrated in figure 3 below. Upgrading and refining process development natural. The toetoheel air injection thai and its catalytic addon capri i. Heavy oil upgrading from mine to motor c fairbridge, j chen, p rahimi, e little. Flexup is a novel, catalytic process that offers the disruptive ability to upgrade heavysour crude oil, providing an increase in value as high as 5% 20%. Over the last years schuf has developed many different valve designs for heavy oil upgrading applications as e. Crewe, meta petroleum abstract the current growth in transportation fuel demand is outpacing the supply of traditional. Upgrading oilsands bitumen and heavy oil lays out the current best practice for engineers and scientists in the oilsands and refining industries, government personnel. There are vast deposits of heavy crude oils in many parts of the world. Upgrading means using fractional distillation andor chemical treatment to convert bitumen so it can be handled by oil refineries. Upgrading oil sands and heavy oil is an essential part of oil sands development as it adds tremendous value to the raw resource. To tal m ack m e rits c o re lub ricant c h 4 14 39 b iodi ese l fo rm ul at io n 1 3 9 4. The oil sands leadership initiative 48 by dr vincent saubestre. Flexup is an innovative leap in upgrading technology that operates at much lower costs than existing upgrading processes.
Conversion up to 95% and higher reactor throughput. The canadian long lake project 42 by john birdgeneau case study. Mro, usbased company that is engaged in exploration, production, refining, transporting and marketing oil and gas, has announced construction of a heavy oil upgrading project at the detroit refinery in us. Oil resources similar to wti and brent crude oils are dwindling, so heavy and extra heavy crude oils, and bitumen must be used to meet the growing demand for fuels. Am0629 page 1 reserved a new approach to heavy oil and bitumen upgrading b. Though the focus is on bitumen from albertas oilsandsthe largest resource in the worldthe science applies to upgrading of heavy oil and petroleum residue feeds worldwide. Heavy oil upgrading how is heavy oil upgrading abbreviated. The voluntarily wide scope of this volume encompasses geology, production, transportation, upgrading, economics and environmental issues of heavy oils.
Unlocking the future fuel supply currently, more than half of the oil reserves 53. Although these resources are increasingly becoming commercially producible, less than 1% of total heavy crude oil deposits worldwide are under active development. Pdf upgrading kuwait heavy crude oils by eureka thermal. Heavy and extraheavy oil upgrading technologies 1st edition. Purchase heavy and extra heavy oil upgrading technologies 1st edition. Figure 3 shows the relationships between viscosity and shear rate of the four oil samples after the cracking tests as well as the original heavy crude oil sample without upgrading at 30 c. These properties of heavy crude oil present serious operational problems in heavy oil production and downstream processing. Upgrading petroleum residues and heavy oils chemical. Purchase heavy and extraheavy oil upgrading technologies 1st edition. Swri installed,commissioned and operates a clients process that exploits an underused energy source by making solids act like liquids. Advanced studies of catalytic upgrading of heavy oils. The feed oil and gas n 2 are mixed together in a separate chamber and then sent to the capri reactor, flowing from top to bottom of the catalyst bed. Heavy crude oil, upgrading, tungstenzirconium, catalyst 1.
Oil sands upgrading chair bitumen and heavy oil upgrading upgrading. It allows it to be further processed into fuels and lubricants at existing refineries, and used as feedstock in petrochemical plants most of which are not engineered to handle these heavy feedstock. The centrifugal extrusion device 196 results in a lowcost, highthroughput, flexible and selfcleaning device to pelletize the asphaltenes. Solvent deasphalting is used in refineries processing heavy crude oils to upgrade heavy bottoms streams to deasphalted oil that may be processed to produce. The quantitative data in viscosity reduction after cracking tests will be presented and analyzed in the following section. Natural gas and electrical power supplies play a significant role in determining economic viability of these projects. The emulsions showed promising ignition characteristics, but fuel properties such as heating value, cetane and corrosivity were still unsatisfied. Development of high performance heavy duty engine oils. Canadian bitumen model of upgrading to high quality synthetic crude in the oil field. It provides a shortterm approach to the use of bio oil in diesel engines. Department of energy funded project the promising technology, developed by ceramatec of salt lake city, utah, and managed by the office of fossil energys national energy technology laboratory. The final energy products derived from oil sands are transportation fuels. The upgrading investments have helped to maintain a demand for heavy oil in spite of the declining price of conventional crudes since the early 1980s. The decision to fully upgrade crude oil in the field, or to transport minimally processed crude to a refining center, is one of economics.
Extra heavy oil derived from oil sand is a viscous petroleum consisting of millions of different molecules. In 2014, 74% of albertas total oil deliveries were made to the u. The vast majority of the worlds refineries are not suitable for processing these types of feed stock, so upgrading processes are required to make synthetic crude oils from those. Because flexup has a small footprint, oil producers can field upgrade heavysour oil while drastically improving. Crude oil with api 10,000 conventional heavy oil 15% source.
It provides a shortterm approach to the use of biooil in diesel engines. The main problem for upgrading heavy crude oils is their high concentration of carbon within the vacuum bottoms, however, the heavy crude oil from the middle magdalena despite being viscous have low levels of coke promoters vacuum bottoms with ccr 17. The orifices 200 are located on the circumference of the rotating head 196. Heavy oil upgrading environment market and technology. This technology, once deployed into a field test environment and proven, may also lead to optimization of the existing pipeline capacity within alberta if it is widely adopted. Notes on heavy fuel oil american bureau of shipping. In situ catalytic upgrading of heavy crude with capri. Shale oil and tight oil overview and 14 environmental issues shale oil and tight oil global roundup 24 oil sands overview 30 by wishart robson case study. While heat, dilution and partial upgrading are methods aimed at reducing oil viscosity by modifying its microstructure, lubricated flow standard oil inwater emulsion and annular core flow reduces the effects of frictional pressure caused by the viscous effects produced during draining and is indicated as an emerging technology to replace the.
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